Adaptation Strategies in Students with Motor Functional Diversity / Estrategias de adaptación en los estudiantes con diversidad funcional motora / Estratégias de adaptação de alunos com diversidade motora funcional

Objective. The work sough to know the adaptation strategies of students from Universidad del Quindío with motor functional diversity. Method. Descriptive qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through an in-depth interview with nine undergraduate students with moderate motor functional diversity, in face-to-face class attendance modality during the period 2022-2 at Universidad del Quindío (Colombia) with age ≥ 18 years and having scored from 20 - 40 in the Barthel index. The definition of the number of participants was conducted through theoretical saturation. Results. Seven categories emerged from the descriptive analysis of the interviews: 1) support; 2) affection; 3) life project; 4) personal growth; 5) spirituality; 6) autonomy, and 7) education. Together, they reveal important aspects on the way students have adapted to the university campus and how interpersonal relations can contribute to promoting resilience processes Conclusion. Support and affection provided by the social setting play a fundamental role in the adaptation of students with motor functional diversity, improving their mental health, generating resilience, and increasing their self-esteem. Noting that in spite of lifestyle changes after the acquisition of the diversity, the students set novel goals and develop new abilities that contribute to complying with their life project; likewise, they have set into practice and can recognize their coping mechanisms, acquiring qualities, like resilience and autonomy.

Objetivo. Conocer las estrategias de adaptación de los estudiantes con diversidad funcional motora de la universidad del Quindío. Método. Estudio cualitativo de tipo descriptivo con enfoque fenomenológico. Los datos se recolectaron a través de una entrevista a profundidad con 9 estudiantes de pregrado con diversidad funcional motora moderada, en modalidad presencial en el período 2022-2 de la Universidad del Quindío (Colombia) con una edad igual o mayor a 18 años y haber puntuado de 20-40 en el índice de Barthel. La definición del total de participantes se realizó por saturación teórica. Resultados. Del análisis descriptivo de las entrevistas surgieron siete categorías: 1) apoyo; 2) afecto; 3) proyecto de vida; 4) crecimiento personal; 5) espiritualidad; 6) autonomía y 7) educación. En conjunto, revelan aspectos importantes sobre la forma en que los estudiantes se han adaptado al campus universitario y cómo las relaciones interpersonales pueden contribuir a la promoción de procesos de resiliencia Conclusión. El apoyo y el afecto brindado por el entorno social juega un papel fundamental en la adaptación de los estudiantes con diversidad funcional motora, mejorando su salud mental, generando resiliencia y aumentando su autoestima. Constatando que a pesar de los cambios en el estilo de vida tras la adquisición de la diversidad los alumnos se plantean novedosas metas y desarrollan nuevas habilidades que contribuyen al cumplimiento de su proyecto de vida, así mismo, han puesto en práctica y pueden reconocer sus mecanismos de afrontamiento adquiriendo cualidades como la resiliencia y la autonomía.

Objetivo. Conheça as estratégias de adaptação de alunos com diversidade motora funcional na Universidade de Quindío, (Colômbia). Método. Estudo qualitativo do tipo descritivo com abordagem fenomenológica. Os dados foram recolhidos através de entrevista em profundidade a 9 alunos de graduação com moderada diversidade motora funcional, na modalidade presencial no período 2022-2, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos e com pontuação 20-40 no índice de Barthel. A definição do número total de participantes foi feita por saturação teórica. Resultados. Da análise descritiva das entrevistas emergiram sete categorias: 1) apoio; 2) afeto; 3) projeto de vida; 4) crescimento pessoal; 5) espiritualidade; 6) autonomia e 7) educação. Juntos, eles revelam aspectos importantes sobre a forma como os alunos se adaptaram ao campus universitário e como as relações interpessoais podem contribuir para promover processos de resiliência. Conclusão. O apoio e o afeto proporcionado pelo meio social têm papel fundamental na adaptação de alunos com diversidade motora funcional, melhorando sua saúde mental, gerando resiliência e aumentando sua autoestima. Constatando que apesar das mudanças no estilo de vida após a aquisição da diversidade, os alunos traçam novas metas e desenvolvem novas habilidades que contribuem para a realização de seu projeto de vida, da mesma forma, colocam em prática e conseguem reconhecer seus mecanismos de enfrentamento adquirindo qualidades como resiliência e autonomia.

Relação entre o perfil sociodemográfico e a competência motora de crianças / Relationship between the sociodemographic profile and motor competence of children

Resumo Objetivo Verificar as relações estabelecidas entre os fatores individuais e ambientais na competência motora de crianças de 06 a 10 anos de idade. Método Trata-se de um estudo de caráter quantitativo, sustentado na estatística descritiva e inferencial. Os seguintes instrumentos de coleta foram utilizados: Teste de Proficiência Motora de Bruininks-Oseretsky e Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment - Middle Childhood. Resultados As análises indicaram a influência dos constructos ambientais no desenvolvimento e manutenção da competência motora das crianças, elucidando o fato de que o ambiente domiciliar adequado é um fator de proteção para o desenvolvimento dessa competência. Crianças residentes em casas adequadas apresentaram em média 66% mais chances de terem competência motora. Outro fato evidenciado deu-se em razão da disparidade no nível de competência motora entre os sexos, com destaque para o fato de que meninas com idade entre 9 e 10 anos que residem em domicílios classificados como não adequados localizados na região central da cidade e que estudam em escolas públicas apresentaram valores de competência motora abaixo do esperado para sua idade. Conclusão O perfil sociodemográfico de crianças que apresentaram as melhores chances para uma proficiência motora mais alta foi de meninos com idade entre 6 e 7 anos que residem em domicílios classificados como adequados localizados em bairros e que estudam em escolas privadas.

Abstract Objective To verify the relationships established between individual and environmental factors in the motor competence of children aged 06 to 10 years. Method This is a quantitative study supported by descriptive and inferential statistics. The following collection instruments were used: Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test and Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment - Middle Childhood. Results The analyses indicated the influence of environmental constructs on the development and maintenance of children's motor competence, elucidating the fact that the appropriate home environment is a protective factor for the development of this competence. Children residing in adequate homes were 66% more likely to have motor competence on average. Another fact highlighted was due to the disparity in the level of motor competence between the sexes, with emphasis on the fact that girls aged 9-10 years who live in households classified as unsuitable, located in the central region of the city, studying in public schools presented motor competence values below the expected for their age. Conclusion The sociodemographic profile of children who presented the best chances for higher motor proficiency included boys aged 6-7 years old, living in households classified as adequate, located in neighborhoods outside the central region, and studying in private schools.

Therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture plus Tuina for spastic cerebral palsy and discussion ofits mechanism / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To discuss the effects of acupuncture plus Tuina (Chinese therapeutic massage) in intervening the mental development, motor function, cerebral hemodynamics, and muscle tone in kids with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 87 kids with spastic CP. They were divided into a control group and an observation group based on their original treatment plan. Kids in the control group received symptomatic treatment, motor development therapy, and Tuina treatment. The observation group was additionally given acupuncture treatment. One month was taken as a treatment course. After six courses, the efficacy, change in muscle tone, mental development, gross motor function, fine motor function, and the systolic velocity (Vs), mean velocity (Vm), and pulsatility index (PI) of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the muscle tone score dropped in both groups (P<0.05) and was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The observation group achieved more significant efficacy than the control group (P<0.05). After the intervention, the mental development index (MDI), psychomotor development index (PDI), gross motor function measure (GMFM) score, and fine motor function measure (FMFM) score all increased in both groups (P<0.05) and were notably higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the Vs and Vm of the ACA, MCA, and PCA were markedly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05), and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group comparing the PI of the ACA, MCA, and PCA (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the symptomatic treatment and motor development therapy, Tuina and acupuncture treatment can effectively treat spastic CP children, manifesting as reducing muscle tone, boosting mental development, and improving motor function and cerebral hemodynamics.

Manometría de alta resolución en pacientes con trastornos motores esofágicos / High resolution manometry in patients with esophageal motor disorders

Introducción: La manometría de alta resolución es la prueba de referencia para el estudio de los trastornos motores esofágicos. Objetivo: Determinar la factibilidad de la manometría de alta resolución para el estudio de las características de los trastornos motores esofágicos. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, transversal, en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso, entre septiembre de 2018 y diciembre de 2019, en 56 pacientes cubanos con diagnóstico de trastorno motor esofágico por manometría de alta resolución, con edades entre 18 y 80 años, que dieron su consentimiento para participar en el estudio. Se excluyeron pacientes con acalasia esofágica y los trastornos menores de la peristalsis. Las variables incluidas fueron: edad, sexo, diagnósticos manométricos y sus características, síntomas, tipos de unión esofagogástrica, diagnósticos imagenológicos o endoscópicos. Para el análisis de los resultados se empleó el porcentaje, medidas de tendencia central y ji cuadrado de Pearson de homogeneidad, con un nivel de significación p 8804; 0,05 y 95 por ciento de confiabilidad. Resultados: Predominó la contractilidad ausente (39,28 por ciento), el sexo femenino (58,9 por ciento) y la disfagia (66,07 por ciento). A la obstrucción al flujo de la unión esofagogástrica correspondió la media de presión de reposo del esfínter esofágico inferior más alta (43,28 mmHg) y la media de la presión de relación integrada por encima de 15 mmHg (38,88 mmHg). El esófago hipercontráctil presentó media de contractilidad distal integrada elevada (5564,25 mmHg/s/cm). Se comprobó la existencia de contracciones rápidas en el espasmo esofágico distal (media de 21,4 cm/ s). Conclusiones: La manometría de alta resolución es factible de ser empleada para el diagnóstico de los trastornos motores esofágicos(AU)

Introduction: High-resolution manometry is the gold standard for the study of esophageal motor disorders. Objective: A descriptive, cross-sectional research was carried out in el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso, between September 2018 and December 2019, in 56 patients, diagnosed with esophageal motor disorder by high-resolution manometry, aged between 18 and 20 years, who gave their consent to participate in the study. Esophageal achalasia and minor peristalsis disorders were excluded. The variables included were: age, sex, manometric diagnoses and their characteristics, symptoms, types of esophagogastric junction, imaging or endoscopic diagnoses. For the analysis of the results, the percentage, measures of central tendency and Pearson's chi square of homogeneity were used, with a level of statistical significance 8804; 0.05 and 95 percent reliability. Development: Absent contractility (39,28 percent), female sex (58,9 percent) and dysphagia (66,07 percent) predominated. The obstruction to the flow of the esophagogastric junction corresponded to the highest mean resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (43,28 mmHg) and the mean integrated pressure ratio above 15 mmHg (38,88 mmHg). The hypercontractile esophagus presented mean high integrated distal contractility (5564,25 mmHg/s/cm). Rapid contractions were found in distal esophageal spasm (mean 21,4 cm/s). Conclusions: High resolution manometry was feasible to be used for the diagnosis of major esophageal motor disorders(AU)

Aspects of motor development and quality of life in the context of child obesity / Aspectos do desenvolvimento motor e da qualidade de vida no contexto da obesidade infantil

INTRODUCTION: Child development is a period of progressive and complex transformations related to growth, maturation, learning, motor skills, and psychosocial issues. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the influence of obesity on the aspects of motor development and quality of life of children aged three to eight years, and and their mothers' levels of anxiety and depression. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative approach study with children enrolled and attended at a pediatric endocrinology in Fortaleza, CE, in the period between June and November 2017. The study sample consisted of 24 children from three to eight years of age. We used the anthropometric quantification, the Motor Development Scale, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) for children. We applied the Beck anxiety and depression questionnaires for mothers. RESULTS: 16 were female, and 17 were severely obese. Most of the sample showed motor development changes 42,85% classified as "inferior" in the obesity category, and 41.17% in the severely obese category. Both groups revealed"complete right-handed" and "undefined" laterality in around 40% of the individuals. The quality of life had a low mean score. The majority of mothers from both groups presented minimal anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity interferes negatively with the overall motor development, determination of laterality, and quality of life of children, perceiving more severe levels of anxiety and depression in mothers of children severely obesity.

INTRODUÇÃO: O desenvolvimento infantil é um período de progressivas e complexas transformações relacionadas ao crescimento, maturação, aprendizagem, habilidades motoras e questões psicossociais. OBJETIVO: Analisar o desempenho das habilidades motoras em crianças obesas, analisar a qualidade de vida das mesmas e os níveis de ansiedade e depressão de suas mães. MÉTODO: Pesquisa transversal, descritiva, comparativa e de abordagem quantitativa com crianças atendidas em um ambulatório de endocrinologia pediátrica localizada no município de Fortaleza - CE, entre junho e novembro de 2017. A amostra foi composta por 24 crianças, de 3 a 8 anos de idade. Foi realizada a quantificação antropométrica, aplicação da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor, do Questionário Pediátrico sobre Qualidade de Vida das crianças (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - PedsQL™) e dos questionários de ansiedade e depressão de Beck com as mães. RESULTADOS: 16 eram do sexo feminino e 17 obesos graves. Obteve-se alteração no desenvolvimento motor em quase 100% da amostra, com uma classificação quanto ao nível motor como "inferior" em 42,85% no grupo de obesos e 41,17% no grupo de obesos graves. Houve um predomínio da lateralidade "destro completo" e "indefinida" em ambos os grupos com pouco mais de 40% da amostra. Quanto a qualidade de vida foi observada uma baixa média de escores; estando as mães classificadas, em sua maioria, nos dois grupos, com presença de ansiedade e depressão mínimas. CONCLUSÃO: A obesidade interfere negativamente no desenvolvimento motor global, determinação da lateralidade e qualidade de vida das crianças, percebendo-se níveis mais graves de ansiedade e depressão nas mães de crianças com obesidade grave.

Acompanhamento longitudinal das alterações no transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação em crianças pré-escolares / Longitudinal study changes in coordination development disorder in preschool children

Resumo Objetivo Acompanhar, ao longo de 24 meses, as alterações entre o diagnóstico de Desenvolvimento Motor Típico (DM) e o provável Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (pTDC) em pré-escolares. Método Foram elaborados dois designs de coleta: 1) Design longitudinal de 12 meses (Long-1), constituído por 201 crianças, com idade inicial média de 3,6±0,5 anos; 2) Design longitudinal de 24 meses (Long-2), composto por 27 crianças, com idade inicial média de 3,6±0,1 anos. Como instrumento de avaliação, foi utilizado o Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2 (MABC-2). Os dados foram analisados usando os testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon e Friedman, adotando p<0,05. Resultados Os resultados do DM no Long-1 revelaram alta prevalência do pTDC de 24,4% na avaliação inicial e 19,4% após 12 meses. No DM, observou-se aumento na destreza manual e diminuição na habilidade de lançar e receber após 12 meses. Nas tarefas de destreza manual, as meninas foram superiores aos meninos após 12 meses, sendo os meninos superiores na tarefa de lançar e receber nas duas avaliações. Os resultados do DM no Long-2 evidenciaram prevalência de 18,5% de pTDC na primeira avaliação, de 7,4% após 12 meses e 22,2% após 24 meses. Ocorreu aumento do escore na destreza manual ao longo dos 24 meses, no entanto, ocorreu declínio nas tarefas de equilíbrio entre as 3 avaliações. Conclusão O desenvolvimento motor típico e o provável Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação não apresentaram constância e consistência entre as avaliações motoras ao longo de 24 meses, demonstrando oscilação na classificação de provável transtorno de desenvolvimento da coordenação e/ou do desenvolvimento motor típico.

Abstract Objective To follow changes in the diagnosis of Typical Motor Development (MD) and the probable Coordination development disorder (pCDD) diagnostics in preschoolers for 24 months. Method Two data collection designs were elaborated: 1) Longitudinal design of 12 months (Long-1) consisting of 201 children, with an average initial age of 3.6 ± 0.5 years old; 2) Longitudinal design of 24 months (Long-2) composed of 27 children, with an average initial age of 3.6±0.5 years old. The assessment tool used was the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2 (MABC-2). For data analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, and Friedman tests were used, adopting p <0.05. Results The results of MD in Long-1 revealed a high prevalence of probable pCDD with 24.4% in the 1st evaluation and 19.4% in the 2nd evaluation. In the MD, we observed a manual dexterity improvement and a reduced ability to throw and receive during the 12 months. In manual dexterity tasks, girls were better than boys in the 2nd evaluation, and for the task of throwing and receiving boys were better at two of the evaluations. The results of MD in Long-2 showed a prevalence of 18.5% of pTDC in the first evaluation, 7.4% after 12 months, and 22.2% after 24 months. There was an increase in the score in manual dexterity over the 24 months, however, there was a decline in the balance tasks between the 3 assessments. Conclusion It is concluded that the typical DM and the probable DCD did not show constant and consistent development during motor evaluations over 24 months, showing oscillation in the classification of probable coordination development disorder and/or typical motor development.

La manometría de alta resolución en los trastornos motores del esófago Introducción en Cuba / High-resolution manometry for diagnosis of esophageal motor disorders. Introduction in Cuba

RESUMEN: Introducción: La manometría esofágica de alta resolución se considera a nivel internacional como un método óptimo para el diagnóstico de los trastornos motores del esófago, de alta especificidad y sensibilidad. Dada la reciente introducción de la técnica en Cuba, se necesita demostrar su utilidad en nuestro país, donde no existe grado de conocimiento previo sobre cuáles son los parámetros de normalidad, así como los diagnósticos de alta resolución más frecuentes. Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad de la manometría esofágica de alta resolución como estudio diagnóstico para los trastornos motores del esófago en Cuba. Métodos: Se diseñó una investigación aplicada, de desarrollo, realizada en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso, en La Habana, entre junio de 2017 y junio de 2019, en pacientes a los que se les realizó una manometría esofágica. El universo de pacientes fue 611, a quienes se les registraron las variables en estudio. Resultados: De las 611 manometrías esofágicas, 356 correspondían a mujeres (58,3 por ciento) y 255 a hombres (42,7 por ciento), con un promedio de edad de 47, 44 años respectivamente. La motilidad inefectiva fue el trastorno motor más frecuente (32,73 por ciento). En los pacientes con Enfermedad por Reflujo Gastroesofágico, el principal daño de la barrera antirreflujo fue la presencia de relajaciones transitorias del esfínter esofágico inferior. Predominó la Acalasia tipo II (5,23 por ciento). En estos pacientes se registraron valores de Presión de relajación integrada (IRP) por encima de 21. Conclusiones: Se establecieron valores aplicables a pacientes cubanos, que permiten establecer el diagnóstico por alta resolución(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: High-resolution esophageal manometry is considered internationally as an optimal method for diagnosis of esophageal motor disorders. Given the recent introduction of the technique in Cuba, it is necessary to demonstrate its usefulness in our country where there is no prior knowledge about the most frequent parameters of normality and high resolution diagnoses. Objective: To determine the usefulness of high-resolution esophageal manometry as a method for the diagnosis of esophageal motor disorders in Cuba. Material and methods: An applied developmental research was designed and carried out at the National Center for Minimal Access Surgery in Havana between June 2017 and June 2019. The study included patients in whom esophageal manometry was performed. The universe consisted of 611 patients and the variables used in the study were recorded. Results: Of the 611 patients who underwent esophageal manometry, 356 were women (58.26 percent) and 255 were men (42.73 percent), with an average age of 47 and 44 years, respectively. Ineffective motility was the most frequent motor disorder (32,73 percent). In patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, the main damage of the antireflux barrier was the presence of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations. Type II achalasia predominated (5,23 percent). In these patients, integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) values above 21 were recorded. Conclusions: Values applicable to Cuban patients that allow to establish a high-resolution diagnosis were established(AU)

Lifestyle of school-aged children with and without developmental coordination disorder

Abstract Aim: To analyze the association between lifestyle and signs of DCD in children aged 7 to 10. Methods: A total of 93 schoolchildren aged 7 to 10 were recruited for this study. Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ), Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second edition (MABC-2) and the Inventory of Lifestyle in Childhood and Adolescence (ILCA) were used. Lifestyle was analyzed with basis on specific tasks performed frequently or infrequently at home and outdoor, considering children with positive and negative DCD signs. Results: Only the item "performing household tasks" showed a significant association (p = 0.04) between groups. Children with DCD signs displayed a more infrequent behavior (73.1 %) in performing such tasks when compared to those without (26.9 %). Conclusion: Children with DCD signs presented a more sedentary behavior, expressed specifically in the less frequent performance of household tasks. The result may be explained by parental involvement in this sort of task. Further studies, however, are needed in order to broaden this understanding.

Noción temporal de niños con desarrollo típico y trastorno del desarrollo de la coordinación / Noção temporal de crianças com desenvolvimento típico e transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação / The concept of time in children with typical motor development and developmental coordination disorder

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o desenvolvimento da noção de tempo entre crianças com Desenvolvimento Típico (DT) e com Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (TDC). Participaram 34 crianças, divididas nos grupos: DT 6-7 anos (n=9), DT 8-9 anos (n=8), TDC 6-7 anos (n=7) e TDC 8-9 (n=10). As crianças com TDC foram indicadas pelos professores por meio do checklist do MABC-2 e as crianças com DT por apresentarem bom desempenho. Posteriormente, todas foram avaliadas com a bateria do MABC-2. Para a análise da noção temporal, utilizou-se uma adaptação de uma prova proposta por Piaget, que visa compreender a sucessão dos acontecimentos percebidos, realizada em contexto experimental. Sendo assim, utilizaram-se dois brinquedos de madeira que realizavam movimentos distintos em relação ao tempo e ao ponto de chegada. O conceito dessa tarefa foi adaptado para duas tarefas de corrida em contexto aplicado. As crianças foram questionadas separadamente sobre questões temporais das tarefas e suas respostas gravadas e transcritas. Empregou-se o teste Mann-Whitney, observando-se que as crianças com TDC expressaram níveis operatórios de pensamento, não demonstrando diferença significativa entre grupos.

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el desarrollo de la noción de tiempo entre niños con Desarrollo Típico (DT) y con Trastorno do Desarrollo de la Coordinación (TDC). Participaron 34 niños, divididos en los grupos: DT 6-7 años (n=9), DT 8-9 años (n=8), TDC 6-7 años (n=7) y TDC 8-9 (n=10). Los niños con TDC fueron indicadas por los profesores por intermedio del checklist del MABC-2 y los niños con DT por presentar buen rendimiento. Posteriormente, todos fueron evaluadas con la batería del MABC-2. Para el análisis de la noción temporal, se utilizó una adaptación de una prueba propuesta por Piaget, que tiene por objetivo comprender la sucesión de los acontecimientos percibidos, realizada en contexto experimental. Siendo así, se utilizaron dos juguetes de madero que realizaban movimientos distintos en relación al tiempo y al punto de llegada. El concepto de esa tarea fue adaptado para dos tareas de corrida en contexto aplicado. Se indagó, a los niños, separadamente sobre cuestiones temporales de las tareas y sus respuestas gravadas y transcritas. Se empleó el test Mann-Whitney, observándose que los niños con TDC expresaron niveles operatorios de pensamiento, no demostrando diferencia significativa entre grupos.

The objective of this study was to compare the development of the notion of time between children with Typical Development (TD) and with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Divided into groups, 34 children participated in this research: TD ages 6-7 years (n = 9), TD ages 8-9 years (n = 8), DCD ages 6-7 years (n = 7), and DCD ages 8-9 years (n = 10). Children with DCD were indicated by teachers through the MABC-2 checklist and children with TD for presenting a good performance. Subsequently, all of them were evaluated using the MABC-2 battery. For an analysis of the concept of time, an adaptation of a test proposed by Piaget was used, which aims to understand the succession of perceived events, carried out in an experimental context. Therefore, two wooden toys that performed different movements in relation to time and destination were used. The concept of this task was adapted for two running tasks in an applied context. The children were asked separately about task time issues and their responses were recorded and transcribed. The Mann-Whitney test was used and it was possible to observe that children with DCD reached the operational thought stage showing no significant difference between groups.

Déficits motores e preditores de perda de mobilidade ao final da internação em indivíduos com neurotoxoplasmose / Déficits motores y predictores de pérdida de movilidad al final de la hospitalización en individuos con neurotoxoplasmosis / Motor impairments and predictors of mobility loss at the end of hospitalization in individuals with neurotoxoplasmosis

RESUMO A neurotoxoplasmose (NTX) é uma das principais doenças oportunistas presentes em indivíduos portadores do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). A doença promove lesões cerebrais focais com efeito de massa que podem gerar uma variedade de sequelas capazes de comprometer a realização das atividades da vida diária, dentre elas, a deambulação. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os principais déficits motores apresentados e identificar os fatores de risco para a perda de mobilidade ao final da internação. Trata-se de um estudo observacional cuja amostra foi composta por dados de prontuários de indivíduos portadores do vírus HIV e diagnóstico de NTX. Foi realizada a revisão de prontuários eletrônicos e a classificação da mobilidade hospitalar, além da coleta de dados clínicos e epidemiológicos. Aplicou-se estatística descritiva e regressão logística binária. Foram avaliados 161 prontuários, com prevalência do sexo masculino e mediana de idade de 39 anos. Os déficits motores na admissão foram a ausência de deambulação (42,9%), hemiparesia (42,3%), paresia de membros inferiores (37,3%), déficit de equilíbrio (35,4%). Ao final da internação 32,9% não deambulavam. Os preditores para perda da mobilidade ao final da internação foram: utilização de ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI), inclusão no programa de cuidados paliativos e não deambular na admissão. Os principais déficits motores foram a ausência de deambulação, a hemiparesia à direita e o déficit de equilíbrio.

RESUMEN La neurotoxoplasmosis (NTX) es una de las principales enfermedades oportunistas presentes en individuos con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). La enfermedad promueve lesiones cerebrales focales con efecto de masa que pueden generar una variedad de secuelas capaces de influir el desempeño de las actividades de la vida diaria, incluida la deambulación. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar los principales déficits motores presentados e identificar los factores de riesgo de pérdida de movilidad al final de la hospitalización. Este es un estudio observacional cuya muestra consistió en datos de registros médicos de individuos con el virus del VIH y diagnóstico de NTX. Se revisaron los registros médicos electrónicos y se clasificó la movilidad hospitalaria, así como la recolección de datos clínicos y epidemiológicos. Se aplicaron estadísticas descriptivas y regresión logística binaria. Evaluamos 161 registros médicos, con una prevalencia masculina y mediana de 39 años. Los déficits motores al ingreso fueron ausencia de deambulación (42.9%), hemiparesia (42.3%), paresia de miembros inferiores (37.3%), déficit de equilibrio (35.4%). Al final de la hospitalización, el 32,9% no caminaba. Los predictores de pérdida de movilidad al final de la hospitalización fueron: uso de ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI), inclusión en el programa de cuidados paliativos y no deambulación al ingreso. Los principales déficits motores fueron la ausencia de deambulación, hemiparesia derecha y déficit de equilibrio.

ABSTRACT Neurotoxoplasmosis (NTX) is one of the main opportunistic diseases present in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This disease promotes focal brain lesions with mass effect that can generate a variety of sequelae capable of compromising the performance of activities of daily living, including ambulation. Our study sought to verify the main motor deficits presented and identify risk factors for mobility loss at the end of hospitalization. It is a observational study, whose sample consisted of data from medical records of individuals with HIV and diagnosed with NTX. Electronic medical records were reviewed, clinical and epidemiological data were collected and hospital mobility was classified. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were applied. We evaluated 161 medical records, with male prevalence, with a median age of 39 years. Motor deficits at admission were absence of ambulation (42.9%), hemiparesis (42.3%), lower limb paresis (37.3%), balance deficit (35.4%) and 32.9 % could not walk at the end of hospitalization. Predictors of mobility loss at the end of hospitalization were: use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), inclusion in the palliative care program and non-ambulation on admission. The main motor deficits were the absence of ambulation, hemiparesis on the right and the balance deficit. The predictors for inability to walk at the end of hospitalization were the need for IMV, inclusion in the palliative care program, and no ambulation at admission.

Falls in persons with Parkinson's disease: Do non-motor symptoms matter as much as motor symptoms? / Caídas en personas con enfermedad de Parkinson: ¿Los síntomas no motores importan tanto como los síntomas motores?

ABSTRACT Falls are common among persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). On the other hand, predicting falls is complex as there are both generic and PD-specific contributors. In particular, the role of non-motor symptoms has been less studied. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the role of non-motor predictors of falling in persons with PD (PwP). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in PwP recruited from a movement disorders clinic. Clinical and demographical data were collected. All PwP were assessed using the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS). Variables were assessed at the bivariate level. Significant variables were put into a logistic regression model. Results: A total of 179 PwP were included. Overall, 16.8% of PwP had fallen in the past 12 months, with 53.3% of them being recurrent fallers. The mean number of monthly falls was 2.5 ± 3.3. Factors associated with falling in the bivariate analysis included the disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr stage, MDS-UPDRS part I and II, postural instability/gait disturbance (PIGD) subtype, NMSS urinary domain, NMSS miscellaneous domain, and non-motor severity burden (all p-values < 0.05). After multivariate analysis, only the disease duration (p = 0.03) and PIGD (p = 0.03) remained as independent risk factors. Conclusion: Disease duration and the PIGD subtype were identified as relevant risk factors for falls in PwP Non-motor symptoms appear to have a less important role as risk factors for falls.

RESUMEN Las caídas son frecuentes entre las personas con Parkinson (EP). La predicción de caídas es compleja ya que existen contribuyentes genéricos y específicos. El papel de los síntomas no motores ha sido menos estudiado. Objetivo: Identificar el papel de los factores no motores en caídas en personas con EP (PcP). Métodos: Estudio transversal en PcP reclutadas en una clínica de trastornos del movimiento. Se incluyeron datos clínicos y demográficos. Todos los PcP se evaluaron con la Escala Unificada de Enfermedad de Parkinson modificada por la Sociedad Internacional de Trastornos del Movimiento (MDS-UPDRS) y la Escala de Síntomas No Motores (NMSS). Se incluyeron variables significativas en un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 179 PcP El 16.8% había presentado una caída en los últimos doce meses y el 53.3% de forma recurrente. El número medio de caídas mensuales fue de 2.5 ± 3.3. Los factores asociados con la caída en el análisis bivariado fueron la duración de la enfermedad, Hoehn e Yahr, MDS-UPDRS parte I y II, subtipo de alteración de la marcha/inestabilidad postural (PIGD), dominio urinario del NMSS, dominio misceláneo del NMSS y carga de severidad no motora (todos los valores de p < 0.05). Después del análisis multivariado, solo la duración de la enfermedad (p = 0.03) y PIGD (p = 0.03) permanecieron como un factor de riesgo independiente. Conclusión: La duración de la enfermedad y PIGD se identificaron como factores de riesgo para caídas. Los síntomas no motores parecen tener un papel menos relevante en las caídas.

Enfermedad de Pompe infantil: Diagnóstico y tratamiento / Infantile-onset Pompe disease: Diagnosis and management

La enfermedad de Pompe, o deficiencia de maltasa ácida o glucogenosis tipo II, es una grave enfermedad genética, autosómica recesiva, progresiva, poco frecuente, causada por la deficiencia en la enzima alfa glucosidasa. En la edad pediátrica, puede presentarse con la "forma clásica", la más conocida, con grave compromiso cardíaco y franca hipotonía, o con la "forma no clásica", con comienzo temprano del compromiso motor. La "forma de comienzo tardío" del adulto también puede ocurrir en la infancia o en la adolescencia. Se actualizan los hallazgos clínicos y de diagnóstico disponibles, ya que un tratamiento temprano con reemplazo de la enzima faltante puede mejorar la supervivencia y la calidad de vida del paciente. Se revisan los beneficios y los efectos adversos del tratamiento disponible y nuevas líneas de investigación terapéutica.

Pompe disease, also known as acid maltase deficiency or glycogenosis type II, is a rare severe, autosomal, recessive, and progressive genetic disorder caused by deficiency in alpha-glucosidase. The classic infantile-onset is the most broadly known form of Pompe disease, which presents with severe heart involvement and clear hypotonia, while the non-classic presentation occurs with early motor involvement. Late-onset Pompe disease develops in adults, but it may also occur during childhood or adolescence. Here we update the available clinical and diagnostic findings because an early management with enzyme replacement therapy may improve patients' survival and quality of life. We also review the benefits and adverse effects of available treatments and new lines of therapeutic research.

Babinski's hand sign: many have tried / O sinal de Babinski na mão: muitos têm tentado

ABSTRACT Recognizing the semiologic importance of the second, and most famous, sign described by Joseph Babinski - the extension of the hallux after stimulation of the plantar region in order to differentiate organic from pithiatic paralysis- several authors have tried to find a comparable signal in the hand. After 122 years, no one has succeeded.

RESUMO Reconhecida a importância semiológica do segundo e mais famoso sinal descrito por Joseph Babinski - a extensão do hálux após estimulo plantar visando diferenciar a paralisia orgânica da pitiática - diversos autores vêm tentando encontrar um sinal equiparável na mão. Após 122 anos ninguém conseguiu obter sucesso.

Possí­veis impactos do transtorno de ansiedade social no processo de envelhecimento / Possible impacts of social anxiety disorder in the aging process

Há uma tendência ao aumento do envelhecimento populacional no Brasil e no mundo, assim como do Transtorno de Ansiedade Social, que compromete a qualidade de vida dos indiví­duos, tornando-se um fator de risco para processos demenciais e limitação funcional. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever possí­veis impactos deste transtorno no processo de envelhecimento, buscando saber qual será o futuro dessa população idosa convivendo com as incapacidades caracterí­sticas da idade e possivelmente potencializadas pela fobia social. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando artigos que envolvem a fobia social e depressão em idosos. A pesquisa de artigos foi realizada em bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e nos portais indexados como: Bireme, Lilacs, Scielo e Pubmed, compreendendo o perí­odo de agosto de 2002 a março de 2018. Observou-se na literatura que entre as diversas modalidades de psicoterapia, a terapia cognitiva comportamental é o tratamento mais eficaz para a fobia social; por outro lado, a psicodinâmica em grupo apresentou-se como um tratamento viável para indiví­duos que experimentam fobia social generalizada. Acreditamos que novos estudos comprovarão a piora das funções em idosos que sofram de Transtorno de Ansiedade Social. (AU)

There is a trend of progressive aging of population in Brazil and in the world, as well as the Social Anxiety Disorder, which compromises quality of life and becomes a risk factor for dementia processes and collaborates with functional limitation. This study aimed to describe possible impacts of this disorder in the aging process, seeking to know the future of this elderly population living with disabilities characteristics of age and possibly potentiated by social phobia. This study consisted of an integrative review of the literature, using articles that involve social phobia and depression in the elderly. The research of articles was carried out in databases of the Virtual Health Library and in the portals indexed as: Bireme, Lilacs, Scielo, and Pubmed, in the period from August 2002 to March 2018. We observed in literature that among the psychotherapy modalities, the cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most efficient treatment for social phobia; on the other hand the psychodynamic group psychotherapy show signs of being a viable treatment for individuals that experience generalized social phobia. We concluded that new studies will prove the deterioration of elderly functions with Social Anxiety Disorder. (AU)

Functionality and quality of life of children with disability / Funcionalidade e qualidade de vida de crianças com deficiência

INTRODUCTION: Preschool teachers are able to provide realistic information about functionality and quality of life of children with disabilities in regular classrooms OBJECTIVE: To analyze functionality and quality of life of children with disabilities included in public schools with early childhood education programs in Florianópolis, in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil METHODS: Special education teachers, classroom teachers, physical education teachers, special education teaching assistants and classroom assistants for 2- to 5-year-old children with disabilities, who showed motor disabilities and were included in municipal public schools with early childhood education programs in Florianópolis. The instruments used were: the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 and an identification form RESULTS: There were similarities between teachers' reports about functionality and quality of life of children with disabilities CONCLUSION: There are different academic backgrounds, professional categories and working hours. However, the reports of these teachers showed homogeneity of results, which indicates that they are attentive to the educational tasks and child care, and engaged in inclusive education, child development and well-being

INTRODUÇÃO: Professores da educação infantil são capazes de fornecer informações realistas acerca da funcionalidade e da qualidade de vida de crianças com deficiências incluídas nas classes regulares OBJETIVO: Analisar a funcionalidade e a qualidade de vida de crianças com deficiência inseridas na educação infantil da rede pública de ensino de Capital do Sul do Brasil MÉTODO: Foram selecionados professores de educação especial. professores de sala. professores de educação física. professores auxiliares de educação especial e auxiliares de sala de crianças com deficiência. entre dois e cinco anos de idade. que apresentam comprometimentos motores e estão inseridas na educação infantil da rede municipal de Florianópolis. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade e o Questionário Pediátrico sobre Qualidade de Vida versão 4.0. além de uma ficha de identificação RESULTADOS: Houve semelhanças entre os relatos dos professores sobre funcionalidade e qualidade de vida das crianças CONCLUSÃO: Há diferentes formações acadêmicas. categorias profissionais e carga horária de trabalho. porém os relatos destes professores apresentaram certa homogeneidade. indicando que estão atentos às tarefas educativas e de cuidados destas crianças. promovendo o processo de inclusão. o desenvolvimento infantil e o bem estar geral da criança

Trastornos motores esofágicos y su relación con el reflujo gastro-esofágico a través de manometría de alta resolución / Esophageal motor disorders and their relationship with gastro-esophageal reflux through high-resolution manometry

Contexto: mediante manometría de alta resolución, se diagnostican diferentes trastornos motores esofágicos determinados por la clasificación de Chicago. La sintomatología es diversa, pudiendo encontrarse un mismo síntoma en alteraciones motoras distintas, sobre todo relacionadas a enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE). La motilidad esofágica inefectiva (MEI) es uno de los trastornos motores más frecuentes, relacionado directamente a reflujo, por lo que se ha propuesto que el trastorno motor varía según el curso de la enfermedad. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de los distintos trastornos motores esofágicos en pacientes sometidos a manometría de alta resolución en el laboratorio de fisiología digestiva del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, en el periodo mayo a noviembre de 2015; se complementa con la relación con síntomas típicos o atípicos de reflujo. Metodología: se realizó un estudio de prevalencia que incluyó resultados de 71 manometrías de alta resolución, para determinar la frecuencia de los distintos trastornos motores esofágicos y su relación con síntomas típicos o atípicos de reflujo. Resultados: los estudios de manometría de alta resolución se realizaron a 40 mujeres (56,33%) y 31 hombres (43,66%), con un promedio de edad 52,28 años (rango 19 a 91 años). Se demostró en 30 casos (42,25%) algún trastorno motor esofágico, siendo la motilidad esofágica inefectiva el hallazgo más frecuente (56,6 6% de todos los trastornos motores). En general, la sintomatología principal de los pacientes son síntomas típicos de ERGE y más aún en el caso de MEI, ya que el 82,35% de estos pacientes presentaron esta sintomatología. Conclusiones: la motilidad esofágica inefectiva es el trastorno motor esofágico más frecuente y está muy relacionado con la sintomatología típica de ERGE. Se requieren nuevos estudios que incluyan un mayor número de pacientes para determinar el riesgo que sujetos con ERGE para desarrollar algún tipo de trastorno motor esofágico y demostrar la prevalencia de trastornos motores esofágicos adicionales que no fueron observados en este estudio. (AU)

Context: with the advent of high resolution manometry, it has been easier to diagnose the different esophagueal motility disorders, that are determined by the Chicago Classification (11). The symptoms of the different disorders are diverse, finding the same symptom in different motor alterations, especially the ones related to gastroesophagueal reflux disease (GERD). Ineffective esophagueal motility (IEM) is one of the most frequent motor disorder, that has been directly related to GERD, reason why it is proposed that the motor disorder can change according the natural evolution of the disease (1,13). Objective: to determine the prevalence of the different esophagueal motor disorders in patients subjected to high resolution manometry in the digestive physiology laboratory of Hospital ''Carlos Andrade Marin" between May and November of 2015 and the relation between typical or atypical reflux symptoms. Methodology: we carry out a prevalence study, where 71 high resolution manometries were analyzed to determine the frequency of the different esophagueal motility disorders and its relation to typical or atypical reflux symptoms. Results: a total of 71 high resolution manometries were analyzed, 40 women (56.33%) and 31 men (43.66%), with a mean age of 52.28 years (19-91 years). Of the total of analyzed manometries, 30 (42.25%) demonstrated any esophageal motor disorder, being ineffective esophageal motility the most frequent finding, covering 56,66% of all motor disorders. In general, the principally symptoms of patients are GERD typical symptoms, mainly in IEM, because 82.35% of this patients presented the symptoms. Conclusions: ineffective esophageal motility is the most frequent motor disorder and is highly related to typical GERD symptoms. New studies are required with a larger sample of patients to determine the risk of patients with GERD to develop one or other esophagueal motor disorder and determine the prevalence of other esophageal motor disorders that were not found in the study. Key words: Esophagueal motor disorders, ineffective esophagueal motility, gastroesophagueal reflux disease.

Serum albumin levels and their correlates among individuals with motor disorders at five institutions in Japan

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The level of serum albumin is an index of nourishment care and management. However, the distribution and correlates of serum albumin levels among individuals with motor disorders have not been reported until now. Therefore, we examined the distribution and correlates of serum albumin levels among individuals with motor disorders. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional study on 249 individuals with motor disabilities (144 men, mean age: 51.4 years; 105 women, mean age: 51.4 years) was conducted at five institutions in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan in 2008. The results were compared with data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey. RESULTS: The mean serum albumin levels were 4.0 ± 0.4 g/dL for men and 3.8 ± 0.5 g/dL for women. Overall, 17 (11.8%) men and 25 (23.8%) women had hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin level ≤ 3.5 g/dL); these proportions were greater than those among healthy Japanese adults (≤ 1%). Low serum albumin level was related with female sex, older age, low calf circumference, low relative daily energy intake, low hemoglobin (Hb), low blood platelet count, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low HbA1c, and high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The strongest correlates, based on standardized betas, were Hb (0.321), CRP (-0.279), and HDL-C (0.279) levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the prevalence of hypoalbuminemia is higher in individuals with motor disabilities than in healthy individuals and that inflammation is a strong negative correlate of serum albumin levels. Therefore, inflammation should be examined for the assessment of hypoalbuminemia among institutionalized individuals with motor disabilities.

Los tics y su relación con las dificultades de aprendizaje: estudio longitudinal de la prevalencia de los tics primarios y comorbilidad asociada en población escolar / Tics and its relationship with academic difficulties: Prevalence of tics and comorbid behavioral disorders in schoolchildren

Con el objetivo de estudiar la prevalencia de los trastornos con tics y la asociación con las dificultades de aprendizaje, se realizó un estudio epidemiológico en una muestra de 1.139 escolares. Los resultados señalaron una prevalencia del 16.86% (IC 95% del 14.10 - 19.63). Además se encontraron dificultades académicas en el 11.9% de los escolares, y la presencia de tics en el 8.6%. La presencia de trastornos de tics no se asoció con el bajo rendimiento académico en la cohorte. Los resultados obtenidos fueron contradictorios con relación a otros estudios publicados anteriormente. Como consecuencia de la divergencia en los resultados, se diseña un segundo estudio, que toma como punto de partida el seguimiento longitudinal de la cohorte de los escolares estudiados. En el análisis de regresión de Cox, durante el periodo de seguimiento de 4 años, la repetición de curso se asoció con una menor frecuencia de apoyo psicológico en el centro escolar (HR = 17.5; IC del 95% 5.7 a 53.9) y menor practica de deporte (HR = 4.02, 95% CI 01/03 a 11/08). No se encontró una asociación entre los tics y mayor riesgo de repetir curso.

In order to study the prevalence of tic disorders and their association with learning difficulties, we conducted an epidemiological study based on a sample of 1,139 schoolchildren. The results showed a prevalence of 16.86% (95% CI 14.10 to 19.63). Besides we found academic difficulties at 11.9% of schoolchildren, and the presence of tics at 8.6%. The presence of tic disorders was not associated with a poor school performance in the cohort. The results were contradictory in relation to other previously published studies. As a consequence of the divergence in the results, we designed a second study, which takes as its starting point the longitudinal follow-up of the cohort studied. In the Cox regression analysis, during the follow-up period of 4 years, the repetition of an academic year was associated with a lower frequency of psychological support at school (HR = 17.5; 95% CI 5.7 to 53 9) and a lower sports practice (HR = 4.02, 95% CI 01/03 to 11/08). We don't found an association between tics and a higher frequency of repeat an academic year.

Sensorimotor speech disorders in Parkinson's disease: Programming and execution deficits / Distúrbios sensórios-motores da fala na doença de Parkinson

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dysfunction in the basal ganglia circuits is a determining factor in the physiopathology of the classic signs of Parkinson's disease (PD) and hypokinetic dysarthria is commonly related to PD. Regarding speech disorders associated with PD, the latest four-level framework of speech complicates the traditional view of dysarthria as a motor execution disorder. Based on findings that dysfunctions in basal ganglia can cause speech disorders, and on the premise that the speech deficits seen in PD are not related to an execution motor disorder alone but also to a disorder at the motor programming level, the main objective of this study was to investigate the presence of sensorimotor disorders of programming (besides the execution disorders previously described) in PD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 60 adults matched for gender, age and education: 30 adult patients diagnosed with idiopathic PD (PDG) and 30 healthy adults (CG). All types of articulation errors were reanalyzed to investigate the nature of these errors. Interjections, hesitations and repetitions of words or sentences (during discourse) were considered typical disfluencies; blocking, episodes of palilalia (words or syllables) were analyzed as atypical disfluencies. We analysed features including successive self-initiated trial, phoneme distortions, self-correction, repetition of sounds and syllables, prolonged movement transitions, additions or omissions of sounds and syllables, in order to identify programming and/or execution failures. Orofacial agility was also investigated. Results: The PDG had worse performance on all sensorimotor speech tasks. All PD patients had hypokinetic dysarthria. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics found suggest both execution and programming sensorimotor speech disorders in PD patients.

RESUMO Introdução: Na doença de Parkinson (DP) a disfunção dos circuitos dos núcleos da base é um fator determinante na fisiopatologia dos sinais clássicos da DP e a disartria hipocinética é uma das manifestações da doença. No que se refere aos distúrbios da fala associados à DP, os modelos recentes de processamento de fala complicam a visão antiga da disartria como um déficit apenas de execução motora. Baseado nos achados de que as disfunções nos gânglios basais podem causar alterações de fala e que os distúrbios não estão apenas relacionados aos déficits de execução motora, mas também de programação motora, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença de distúrbios sensórios-motores da programação motora além dos de execução motora já descritos na fala de pacientes com DP. Métodos: O estudo é transversal e se baseou numa amostra composta por 60 adultos pareados por sexo, idade e escolaridade: 30 adultos diagnosticados com DP idiopática e 30 adultos sadios (grupo controle). Dados obtidos em um estudo prévio que analisou alterações de fluência em indivíduos com DP foram reanalisados acrescentando-se todos os tipos de manifestações/erros na fala, a fim de verificar falhas de programação e/ou execução motora. Os pacientes também realizaram avaliação da apraxia orofacial. Resultados: Todos os pacientes tinham disartria hipocinética. O grupo com DP obteve pior desempenho em todas as tarefas de fala. Conclusão: As características clínicas das manifestações/erros de fala encontrados em pacientes com DP são sugestivas de déficits de execução e de programação motora.